The River Why, David James Duncan Essay Example

The River Why, David James Duncan Paper As any peruser of The River Why knows, David James Duncan is an ace of the craft of expounding on fishingâ€which is additionally to state life, since the two for him are permanently connected. In his well known book The River Why, Duncan utilizes angling as one sort of snare, alongside brilliant silliness, excellent composition and essential portrayal, to make an a lot bigger, significantly more significant arrangement of focuses. The plot of The River Why, isnt about angling, or living in concordance with nature; its about a youthful keeps an eye on finding what life truly is. The Perfect Schedule youthful Guss plan for getting in without a doubt the greatest number of hours daily angling ends up being a terrible disappointment. It requires some investment for Gus to acknowledge something isn't right, incorporating a nerve racking experience with a suffocated man and some entirely serous infection. Presently it might be ahem that fisherpersons are progressively obstinate or increasingly moronic, however Duncan has Gus find that there are things more significant than angling, and that those things can prompt still more noteworthy things. Furthermore, that the entirety of that can improve the angling. We will compose a custom article test on The River Why, David James Duncan explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on The River Why, David James Duncan explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on The River Why, David James Duncan explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Third, while Duncan and Gus jab enormous measures of fun at it, this truly is a re-throwing of Izaak Waltons _The Compleat Fisherman_, in spite of the fact that Walton is about indistinguishable and Duncan composes uncommonly well. This book is likewise about pretty much a similar thing as those witlesses that Ma brings to melancholy, albeit the two Gus and the Witlesses would probably deny it. One of Duncans unpretentious messages is there, as well. Fourth and last, similar to a fish taking a fly, when you read this book you will be so astonished by the ravishing fly of Duncans cleverness, composing and portrayal that you will miss the snare and line of his genuine message until, similar to Gus, the line of light has you and you feel that delicate pull in your heart.

Social Media Platforms Effects on Social identity

Online life Platforms Effects on Social character Online life stages over the web have conceivably significant consequences for the formation of social personality of present day age. Character alludes to a socially built trait of self-idea as it is spoken to the outside world. The development or development of personality is a one of a kind practice in everybody’s life, since it is one of the courses through which we can discover our place in our societies and among other people.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Social Media Platforms Effects on Social character explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More As it would be watched, the change of this significant social idea in the contemporary world is being directed in new and considerably increasingly worldwide methodologies. In this time of web innovation, people are getting familiar with utilizing different online life sites day by day, where they invest a lot of energy discussing themselves, the individuals they know, and their inclinat ions, among other huge parts of their lives. The web-based social networking, whose span and impact is worldwide, is one of the most widely recognized roads that are utilized to shape and upgrade the idea of character these days. This paper looks at the courses through which we can utilize versatile and web advances to make our personalities. There is no uncertainty that online life has managed individuals a significant chance to set up an obvious, solid record of themselves through intelligent advanced stages (Rettberg 2009). This well known pattern of innovation isn't just contribution the very apparatuses that are expected to develop our characters, however it likewise gives a premise whereupon portrayals about ourselves can be advanced. Social distinguish arrangement occurs while individuals are occupied with setting up new networks around themselves over the web, trading various parts of their lives with each other and shaping an obvious profile of themselves for anybody to see . This self exposure through close to home pages assumes a huge job in character arrangement. Purposely or once in a while even unwittingly, we will in general give portrayals about ourselves through our exercises in person to person communication sites. This for the most part occurs through our opportunity to time discussions with others in long range informal communication destinations, for example, Facebook and Twitter. Internet based life offers a great chronicling of our own data as it is posted in our own pages, in this way making it simple for anybody to understand it and become more acquainted with our identities.Advertising Looking for investigate paper on interchanges media? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When we choose to join Facebook, Tumblr, LinkedIn, Twitter, and MySpace among other long range interpersonal communication locales, we start by rounding out our profiles to give others an outline of what our ide ntity is. A portion of the individual subtleties filled in those formats incorporate, however are not constrained to, names, sex, age, home, and national personalities. A few destinations may likewise expect us to give our pastimes and interests, in addition to other things. All these data differentiate our chances of interfacing with bigger social formats. This is the information basically used to recount to our accounts to the outside world through the person to person communication sites referenced previously. The layouts in the informal communication destinations that typically start with a virtual clear page keep on getting loaded up with everything that intrigues us, however others too. These substance can incorporate things, for example, photographs and their depictions, our present dispositions, our preferred exercises, and status takes care of, in addition to other things that might be of noteworthy importance to our lives. The best thing about numerous long range interpers onal communication sites is that client protection and security have been guaranteed, and individuals can utilize various highlights on the stages to control the tasks of their own site pages (Livingstone 2008). In such manner, not everything that we fill in our online networking profiles is obvious to others. Facebook, which has quickly risen as the most speedy methods for social correspondence in the contemporary world, fills in as an ideal case of how web-based social networking assists with making and shape our personalities. In view of its prevalence and social renown over the world, Facebook is seemingly the most favored web-based social networking channel. This worldwide notoriety can be affirmed by the way that, Facebook is the social site with the greatest number of clients on the planet today. Subsequent to topping off the layouts of our Facebook accounts with verifiable and express data about ourselves, we kick back and trust that others will remark on the substance. Stor ies and pictures posted via web-based networking media stages are probably going to draw in a wide range of responses from the individuals who read them. Now and again, posts might be disregarded and gone around, yet this relies upon the idea of the posts and the data or message they portray.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Social Media Platforms Effects on Social personality explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Apart from posting pictures and stories on our internet based life pages for others to peruse and react to with pertinent input, individuals can likewise utilize the stages to talk with each other straightforwardly, either through informing or live video visiting. The sort of input we jump via web-based networking media destinations is a vital component that is essential in helping us decide how we are faring most definitely. While a few people, particularly the individuals who realize us better, may give constructive and fascinat ing reactions to our divider postings, others will in general censure them in a by and large way. Regardless of the sort of reactions we jump on our posts, they assume a noteworthy job in helping us comprehend what others think about the manner in which we have recounted to our accounts through the internet based life. This, in any case, encourages us to settle on better choices on the upgrades that we may need to make in regards to the manner in which we speak to ourselves through long range informal communication locales. For instance, each positive input on the tales I post on my Facebook divider causes me to understand that I am not the only one to my greatest advantage. This really gives me certainty to uncover increasingly about myself and the enthusiasm to grow my social limits by joining progressively online social networks. Presentation and divulgence are two huge viewpoints that would will in general seriously affect the manner in which we utilize online networking to spea k to ourselves. Online networking opens every one of us to the general population, independent of what our identity is. Despite the fact that youthful clients of the internet based life are centered for the most part around self portrayal where they plan to give the best impressions about themselves, it is astonishing to find that numerous simply wind up discoloring their genuine personalities accidentally. As it would be watched, some long range informal communication destinations have kept their client age-limitation levels low, in this manner making it simple for minors to join the locales, without having a superior comprehension of what the web based life involves. A genuine model here is the Facebook, Inc. which has announced thirteen years as the adequate insignificant age one ought to have achieved so as to have and deal with a Facebook account.Advertising Searching for examine paper on interchanges media? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More This doesn't just open minors to the numerous threats of the advanced world, however it likewise offers an open door through which they can distort their actual characters unconsciously. Numerous individuals, particularly the minors, don’t have an ideal comprehension of what online life can do to their personalities, and hence, they wind up uncovering themselves in awful manners. Now and again, we don’t have the smallest thought of how our activities in online networking stages can influence our characters, and this winds up giving an inappropriate image of ourselves. For example, let us take the possibility of ‘Liking’ as it applies on Facebook. Numerous Facebook clients don’t realize that there is something beyond demonstrating others that you are dazzled by their accounts, pictures, or even promotions by loving them (Zhao, Grasmuck, Martin 2008). Be that as it may, the reality of the situation here is that, by preferring somebody’s post, yo u become some portion of their online life way of life most definitely. This has the implying that, you will be binds yourself to that individual or whatever they have posted that you have preferred in an increasingly open manner. This can give an off-base impact on someone’s personality, particularly if what they have enjoyed involves a disagreeable message or a lot of qualities that they would not have any desire to partake in. In such manner, it is constantly significant for individuals to attempt to comprehend what something truly implies before they click that catch to communicate their sentiments about it. This guarantees we remain protected most definitely. Online self-introductions can have genuine ramifications on our characters and that’s why we ought to consistently reconsider before we post things about our lives via web-based networking media (Thompson 2013). This is significant considering the advanced memory related with the web-based social networking. Truly, personality development through web based life is a procedure of obstruction memory-arrangement. The exercises engaged with online character arrangement are led and traded in the idea of advanced innovation. This has the implying that the pictures and stories we post via web-based networking media can be flowed exceptionally quick on the web, significantly after we have evacuated them. The manner in which we speak to ourselves via web-based networking media talks a great deal about our genuine characters, in this way making it simple for others to comprehend us better. There is no uncertainty that a large number of the best people and associations in the wor

Countries with the Best Education System

Countries with the Best Education System The Best Places for Education Home›Education Posts›The Best Places for Education Education PostsCountries with the Best Education SystemThere is a vast majority of methods and techniques each country uses in order to promote its education system policy. Let’s look thought the list of the best places for education in order to decide which system is the best and provide our children with the best education.Australiawith its national system of education, known as the Australian Qualifications Framework, pays a special attention to the secondary education funding. It is the 10th biggest spender of the OECD, and with its world-class system of education, Australia is considered to be the 5th popular destination for international enrolments.SingaporeThe successful performance of Singapore pupils in Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) in 2015 on the primary and secondary levels shows that Singapore’s education system based on grades and examination emphasis has been justified. Singapore has shown top rate educational performance in math and science according to the PISA survey.Japanis another Asian country, which technological development and orientation towards extracurricular activities in terms of the educational process, leads the country to the top in the world’s education ranking. According to the PISA tests, it is the world’s second most literate country.South KoreaThe level of literacy in South Korea, which is 99.2% of males and 96.6% of females, speaks for itself. In the span of the last three years, South Korea, with the help of hard work (kids study 7 days per week) and strong funding system, has become a competitive rival on the education system arena.FinlandBeing recently replaced by Asian countries, Finland remains to hold the 5th position on the list of countries with the best education system. Unlike, for example, South Korea, Finlands system of education excels with short school days filled with school-sponsored g ame educational activities. One of the peculiarities of Finn schools is that pupils don’t receive marks up to the 4th grade. Moreover, Finn teachers are specially selected professionals with the required master’s degree, who go through the best education in the world.NorwayThe literacy of Norway, which reaches virtually 100%, can’t be ignored while talking about the best world’s places for education. According to the OECD education ranking data, Norway is a Scandinavian country that managed to fill the place in the top ten of the most educated countries, including numeracy, literacy and science. It gives way for Asian countries but overtakes the UK.The NetherlandsHolding the 10th position in the PISA survey, Dutch pupils are considered to be the happiest according to the UNICEF study in 2013. The interesting fact is that in Dutch schools pupils are encouraged to start studying foreign languages such as English, French and German as well as other subjects such as biology and history in the primary school.Other high-ranked countries with good education systems, according to the PISA survey, are Germany, Ireland, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, education’s performance of which every year becomes better.

Physiology Dissertations - Sahiwal Cattle Breed - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1712 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Introduction A significant national genetic resource of Pakistan is the Sahiwal cattle breed. Originated and developed in Pakistan, this breed is now reported to be present in 29 countries (FAO, 2007). Population of this breed is diminishing because of intensive crossbreeding for dairying which remains a main threat to its survival (Payne and Hodges, 1997). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Physiology Dissertations Sahiwal Cattle Breed" essay for you Create order It is necessary to improve fertility rates in our national breeds, by the use of insemination with frozen-thawed semen (Barbas and Mascarenhas, 2009). This tropical dairy breed can be preserved through the conservation of its germplasm. Germplasm that have applications in agriculture, aquaculture, biotechnology and conservation of threatened species can be preserved by cryopreservation (Andrabi and Maxwell, 2007). The development of reproductive techniques, such as artificial insemination (AI) and in vitro fertilization can be achieved by sperm cryopreservation (Medeiros et al., 2002). The cryopreservation of semen is a renowned industry worldwide, for agriculturally important animals, mainly for dairy cattle (Bailey, J. et al., 2000). Cryopreservation of spermatozoa is correlated with an oxidative stress (Salvador et al., 2006) due to the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) by malfunctioning and dead spermatozoa (Bailey et al., 2000), which eventually leads to membrane lipid peroxidation. Sperm cells are extremely prone to lipid peroxidation because their membranes are rich in unsaturated fatty acids and they have fewer amounts of antioxidants in their cytoplasm (Sinha et al., 1996). The most common ROS are superoxide (O2-). anion, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peroxyl (ROO-). radicals, and the very reactive hydroxyl (OH-). radicals, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite anion (Sikka, 1996). At physiological concentrations, ROS play vital roles during normal sperm function, together with hyperactivation, capacitation and the acrosome reaction, and zona binding (De Lamirande et al., 1997). On the other hand, during cryopreservation increased generation of ROS is associated with harm to chromatin, proteins and membranes of sperm (Ball, 2008),early capacitation of sperm (Neild et al., 2003 D.M. Neild, B.M. Gadella, M.G. Chaves, M.H. Miragaya, B. Colenbrander and A. Aguero, Membrane changes during different stages of a freezethaw protocol for equine semen cryopreservation, Theriogenology 59 (2003), pp. 16931705. Article | PDF (279 K) | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (24)Neild et al., 2003). Semen represents a complex redox system that combines the antioxidant potential of seminal plasma and spermatozoa with the pro-oxidant potential of sperm through the production of ROS. Enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanisms in seminal plasma and spermatozoa contain catalase, glutathione reductase, gluthathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Among non-enzymatic antioxidants there are reduced glutathione (GSH), urate, ubiquinones, Vitamin E, taurine, hypotaurine, carotenoids, and ascorbic acid. The interaction of antioxidant and prooxidant mechanisms in semen determines the in general rate of lipid peroxidation in sperm (Gadea, J. et al., 2004). In present years, antioxidants in extenders have been used to save spermatozoa from the harmful effects of cryopreservation and free radicals are reduced by antioxidant systems (Baumber et al., 2000). Ascorbic acid, a foremost water soluble antioxidant, acts as a scavenger for a extensive range of ROS. Until now, Ascorbic acid has not been used in semen extenders to examine its influence on the cryopreservation of Sahiwal bull spermatozoa. The objective of present study is to evaluate the effect of Ascorbic acid supplementation in diluent on post thaw quality of Sahiwal bull spermatozoa. Review of Literature In various studies, it has been observed that addition of antioxidants in the extender to preserve unfrozen semen increases sperm quality by controlling oxidation. Uysal et al. (2007) demonstrated that during semen cryopreservation attempts, addition of various antioxidants in different concentrations in extender showed beneficial effects on the quality of bull semen after freezing-thawing proess. Inclusion of natural antioxidants such as a-tocopherol and ascorbate had a protective effect on metabolic activity and cellular viability of cryopreserved bovine sperm (Beconi et al., 1991; Beconi et al., 1993). In vitro studies strongly suggest that the antioxidant effect of ascorbate is related to direct vitamin E regeneration by reducing the tocopheroxyl radical in the one-electron redox cycle (Dalvit et al., 1998). Similarly, Raina et al. (2002) found that incorporation of vitamin C or E in TCA based extender improved the motility of liquid buffalo bull semen. Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) may act as an oxidant at low concentrations and as an antioxidant at high concentrations (Breininger et al., 2005). Ascorbic acid, at a concentration of 5 mM in the freezing diluent acts as an antioxidant during freezing and thawing of bovine spermatozoa (Beconi et al., 1993). Singh et al. (1996) studied effect of vitamin C addition in the diluent on the quality of deep frozen Murrah buffalo bull (Bubalus bubalis) semen. They concluded that insertion of ascorbic acid (2.5mM) in the semen diluent produced significantly higher post-thawing sperm motility (37.5 vs. 46.25%) and percentage of live spermatozoa (58.12 vs. 67.58%) compared with untreated controls. Aurich et al., 1997 J.E. Aurich, U. Schonherr, H. Hoppe and C. Aurich, Effects of antioxidants on motility and membrane integrity of chilled-stored stallion semen, Theriogenology 48 (1997), pp. 185192. Article | PDF (558 K) | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (41)Aurich et al. (1997) observed a positive effect of addition of ascorbic acid on preservation of membrane integrity of cooled equine sperm. Verma and Kanwar (1998) stated that Ascorbic acid when added in the semen is known to improve the post-thaw motility and feasibility of bull and buffalo sperm. Salem et al. (2001) studied the protective role of ascorbic acid to enhance semen quality of rabbits treated with sublethal doses of aflatoxin B1. Treatment with ascorbic acid increased (P0.05) live body weight (LBW), dry matter intake (DMI), relative testes weight (RTW), serum testosterone concentration, improved semen characteristics. Results showed the useful effects of ascorbic acid in decreasing the negative effects of aflatoxin B1 on production and reproduction of male rabbits. Andrabi et al. (2008) examined the effect of non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamins C or E) in tris-citric acid (TCA) extenders on post-thaw motility, membrane integrity, and morphology of buffalo bull spermatozoa. In their study, the inclusion of nonenzymatic antioxidants (vitamin C or E) in the cryodiluent improved the motility of buffalo spermatozoa at 0 and 6 h after thawing and incubation (37C). Paudel et al. (2008) assessed the usefulness of ascorbic acid, catalase, chlorpromazine and their mixtures in reducing the cryodamages to crossbred bull (Bos taurus Bos indicus) spermatozoa. It was inferred that addition of ascorbic acid, catalase and ascorbic acid + chlorpromazine in semen extender enhanced the post-thaw semen quality in crossbred bulls. Michael (2008) studied the effect of different concentrations of vitamin C in semen extenders on post thaw quality of dog spermatozoa. He concluded that addition of vitamin C to semen extenders does not improve the quality of extended canine semen preserved at 4 C. Yoshimoto, T. (2008) evaluated that the post-thaw qualities of fragile Agu sperm can be improved by the addition of ascorbic acid 2-O--glucoside (AA-2G), a stable ascorbate derivative to the freezing extender. Among the concentrations tested treatment with 200M AA-2G has the most valuable effect on the sperm motility and the plasmalemma integrity after cryopreservation Materials and Methods Experimental extenders Tris-citric acid (TCA) containing 1.56 g citric acid (Merck, Germany) and 3.0 g tris(hydroxymethyl)- aminomethane (Sigma, USA) in 74 ml distilled water was used as a buffer for the experimental extenders. The pH of buffer was 7.00 and the osmotic pressure was 320 mOsmol/Kg. Egg yolk (20% vol/vol), fructose (0.2%; wt/vol; Riedel-DeHaen, Switzerland), glycerol (7%; vol/vol; Merck, Germany), benzyl penicillin (1000 I.U/ml; Hebei, China) and streptomycin sulphate (1000 g/ml; Sigma, USA) were added to each of the three experimental extenders (Andrabi et al., 2008). The first extender contained vitamin C (TCAC) as sodium ascorbate (Sigma, USA), which was added at the rate of 5 mM (Beconi et al., 1993; Raina et al., 2002). The second extender contained vitamin E (TCAE) available as -tocopherol acetate (Sigma, USA), added at the rate of 1 mg/ml (Beconi et al., 1993; Raina et al., 2002). The third extender did not contain any antioxidant and served as control (TCAN). Aliquots of each extender were stored frozen at -20C and thawed before use. Semen collection Ejaculates were collected by artificial vagina 42C from three adult Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls (Bubalus bubalis) of known fertility. The bulls were kept under uniform feeding and handling conditions during the entire study. Ejaculates were collected at weekly intervals for a period of 5 weeks (replicates; n = 5). The frequency of collection from each bull was two ejaculates on one day each week. Visual motility of each ejaculate was assessed at 37C using a phase contrast microscope (X 400; Leica, Leitz Wetzlar, Germany) observed on closed circuit television by two operators. Progressive motility of spermatozoa was assessed to the nearest 5%. Sperm concentration was assessed by digital photometry (Dr. Lange LP 300 SDM, Minitub, Germany) at 546 nm. Ejaculates containing more than 70% progressively motile spermatozoa and 0.5109 spermatozoa/ml were pooled in order to have sufficient semen for a replicate (Rasul et al., 2000, 2001; Andrabi et al., 2008). At least one ejaculate on every collection from each bull did qualify for freezing. Semen cryopreservation Buffalo bull semen was cryopreserved according to Rasul et al. (2000). After a holding time of 15 min at 37C, three aliquots of semen were diluted (37C) in a single step with one of the three experimental extenders to a concentration of 50106 motile spermatozoa/ml. After dilution, the semen was cooled to 4C in 2 hours and equilibrated for 4 h at 4C. Precooled 0.5 ml straws were then filled with the cooled semen at 4C in the cold cabinet unit (Minitub, Germany) and frozen in a programmable cell freezer (KRYO 10 series III, UK) from 4C to -15C at the rate of 3C/minute and from -15C to -80C at the rate of 0C/minute. Straws were then plunged into liquid nitrogen (-196C) for storage. After 24 h storage, semen straws were thawed at 37C for 30 seconds. Post-thaw spermatozoal evaluation Visual motility The motility of spermatozoa was assessed at 0 and 6 h post-thaw. Thawed semen sample was placed on a pre-warmed glass slide and cover-slipped. Visual motility of spermatozoa was assessed at 37C using phase contrast microscope observed on closed circuit television by two operators. Statistical analysis Results are presented as means SD. Effect of non-enzymatic antioxidants for different variables was analyzed by the analysis of variance (ANOVA). When the Fratio was significant (P0.05), Tukeys Honestly significant difference was used to compare the treatment means (SYSTAT, 1996).

Essay on the Role of Women in Chinua Achebes Things Fall...

The Role of Women in Things Fall Apart Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart explores the struggle between old traditions within the Igbo community as well as Christianity and the second coming it brings forth. While on the surface, it appears the novel narrows its focus to a single character, Okonkno and his inner battles, one can read deeper into the text and find an array of assorted conflicts in the realm on human vs. human, human vs. nature, human vs. society, and society vs. society. For the purposes of this paper I shall focus on the labyrinth of human vs. human and human vs. society in the framework of the role of women in Igbo society and how men assign and dictate these roles. I will also briefly explain the importance†¦show more content†¦A clear instance of this is the case of Okonkwos mother. While the presence of his father, although negative, is prevalent in much of the novel, the presence of his mother is all but nonexistent. To my knowledge, his (unnamed) mother shows up only once in the text, three d ays after his participation in the ritual murder of Ikemefuna, his adopted son (Jeyifo 3). For the first time in three nights, Okonkwo slept. He woke up once in the middle of the night and his mind went back to the past three days without making him feel uneasy. He began to wonder why he felt uneasy at all. It was like a man wondering in broad daylight why a dream had appeared so terrible to him at night. He stretched himself and scratched his thigh where a mosquito had bitten him as he slept. Another one was wailing near his right ear. He slapped the ear and hoped he had killed it. Why do they always go for ones ears? When he was a child his mother had told him a story about it. But it was as silly as all womens stories. Mosquito, she had said, had asked Ear to marry him, whereupon she fell on the floor in uncontrollable laughter. How much longer do you think you will live?, she asked. You are already a skeleton. Mosquito went away humiliated, and anytime he passed her way he told Ear that he was still alive (Achebe 53). This could have been a critical turning point in the text pre-shadowed by what we were told earlier inShow MoreRelated The Role of Women in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay3614 Words   |  15 Pagesthan those of any other African writer, Chinua Achebe’s writings have helped to develop what is known as African literature today. And the single book which has helped him to launch his revolution is the classic, Things Fall Apart.   The focus of this essay includes: 1) Achebes portraiture of women in his fictional universe, the existing sociocultural situation of the period he is depicting, and the factors in it that condition male attitudes towards women; 2) the consequences of the absence ofRead MoreAchebe1599 Words   |  7 Pages Achebe’s Defense of The Ibo People in Things Fall Apart Option 1 The late Chinua Achebe is considered to be one of the most important voices in African literature. Born in colonial Nigeria in the 1930’s, Achebe joined the first wave of African writers who were determined to represent their country in a way that would truthfully depict the past and present. Before the arrival of the first wave writers, the history of pre-colonial Africa was portrayed as a place of barbarous activity. EuropeanRead MoreThings Falll Apart by Chinua Achebe1082 Words   |  4 PagesThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a story that portrays the tensions between the white Colonial Government and native-born people of Umuofia. Okonkwo, the main character, and a great village man is highly respected in the Igbo tribe of Umuofia. Although, Okonkwo is highly respected by the Igbo people, they are fearful of him because of his violent anger. When the Europeans arrived in Umuofia, they brought with them a new religion: Christianity. The Westerners changed Umuofia, dest royed traditionRead MoreThe Things Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1451 Words   |  6 PagesPacked with patriarchal superiority, Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart focuses on protagonist Okonkwo and his desire to live his life as a strong, masculine figure with a title worth showing off. This Nigerian novel provides an inside view of the oppression women faced in nineteenth century Igbo culture and the lengths to which men were willing to go to avoid appearing feminine. Criticizing Achebe’s novel through a feminist lens makes abundantly clear the unbalanced relationship between the sexesRead MoreGender Roles in Things Fall Apart733 Words   |  3 PagesIn Chinua Achebes novel Things Fall Apart, the Ibo society has a strict system of behavioral customs that are assigned by gender. These customs restrict the freedom of Ibo woman and help to reinforce generation after generation the notion that Ibo men are superior to women. In Achebes essay An Image of Africa: Racism in C onrads Heart of Darkness, he claims that Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness, despite its insights, ought to be eradicated from literature as an appropriate piece of work onRead More Comparing and Contrasting the Role of Women in Things Fall Apart and Heart of Darkness1129 Words   |  5 PagesRole of Women in Things Fall Apart and Heart of Darkness       Women were once little more than slaves to their male betters. Some women might have been respected, but their places were limited to roles as wives and mothers. They might rule a home, but were not believed intelligent enough for any other role. This chauvinistic attitude is well reflected in the novels Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe, and Heart of Darkness, by Joseph Conrad.    In Things Fall Apart, women are praisedRead MoreEssay on Gender Roles in Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe2254 Words   |  10 Pages Upon an initial reading of Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart, it is easy to blame the demise of Okonkwo’s life and of the Umofia community on the imperialistic invasions of the white men. After all, Okonkwo seemed to be enjoying relative peace and happiness before then. He did have a few mishaps; one of them resulted in him being exiled for eight years. Nonetheless, he returned to his home town with high spirits and with prospects of increased success. However, everything has changedRead MoreThings Fall Apart Western Ideas vs. Natives2351 Words   |  10 PagesThings Fall Apart Essay †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Many societies have beliefs rooted deep in ancient religion. Some beliefs include polygamy, polytheism, and patriarchy, or rule by men. One such culture is that of Achebes Things Fall Apart. Polytheism and polygamy are custom in the clan, and the role of each family member is very defined. The men are overly domineering. The women and children are treated poorly and often beaten. Life in Achebes Umuofia would seem very different to someone living in modern day AmericaRead More The Women of Umuofia in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay1999 Words   |  8 PagesThe Women of Umuofia in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart    The only women respected in Umuofia are those like Chielo, the priestess of the Oracle of the Hills and Caves, who is removed from the pale of normalcy. Clothed in the mystic mantle of the divinity she serves, Chielo transforms from the ordinary; she can reprimand Okonkwo and even scream curses at him: Beware of exchanging words with Agbala [the name of the Oracle of the Hills and Caves]. Does a man speak when a God speaks? BewareRead MoreEssay on Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe3009 Words   |  13 Pageswhich writers articulate that identity. Things Fall Apart is a good novel that serves as a reminder of what Nigeria once was. It shows how a society can deal with change, how change affects the individuals of that society, and how delicate a change can be; so much so that the people themselves are surprised at the change. Things Fall Apart is an English novel by the Nigerian author Chinua Achebe which was published in 1957. Throughout the book the role of customs and traditions is very important

Organisational Design Free Essays

string(108) " the boundaries between sources of added-value and strategic initiatives of the corporate parent\? † www\." Nine tests of organisation design The weight of research and insight into organisational design is heavy and growing. Michael Goold and Andrew Campbell cut through the complexity and emerge with a new approach to organisation design which includes a rigorous framework for design choices based on nine key tests of organisational effectiveness. Michael Goold is a director of the Ashridge Strategic Management Centre. We will write a custom essay sample on Organisational Design or any similar topic only for you Order Now His research interests are concerned with corporate strategy and the management of multi-business companies, and he runs the Centre’s programme on Group Level Strategy. Product-market strategies What are the factors that should guide the choice of organisation design? There are many managerial rules of thumb about things such as spans of control and reporting relationships. In addition, academics and consultants have produced a huge amount of work on organisation design. But our research told us that managers still lack a practical and systematic framework to guide their organisation choices. An important purpose of our work has been to condense previous ideas on organisation design into a few core principles, on which to base a usable framework. Less an intellectual triumph than a practical checklist for addressing the most important issues, FIGURE 1: FRAMEWORK FOR ORGANISATION DESIGN GOOD DESIGN PRINCIPLES Specialisation principle Email: michael. goold Corporate strategy Co-ordination principle @ashridge. org. uk ORGANISATION DESIGN People Control and commitment principle Knowledge and competence principle Constraints Innovation and adaptation principle 4 DIRECTIONS FIT DRIVERS www. ashridge. com/directions The Ashridge Journal Summer 2002 Ashridge Business School http://www. ashridge. org. uk FIGURE 2: NINE TESTS FOR ORGANISATIONAL DESIGN Product-market strategies GOOD DESIGN TESTS Specialist cultures test Specialisation principle Andrew Campbell is a director of the Ashridge Strategic Management Centre and visiting professor at City University. Previously Redundant hierarchy test Knowledge and competence principle Market advantage test Corporate strategy Difficult links test Co-ordination principle Parenting advantage test ORGANISATION DESIGN People he was a Fellow in the Centre for Business Strategy People test Accountability test Constraints Control and commitment principle t the London Business School, and a consultant at Feasibility test Flexibility test FIT TESTS Innovation and adaptation principle McKinsey Co. Email: andrew. campbell our framework is grounded on some basic principles. The first and most important, the fit principle, embraces four drivers of fit – productmarket strategies, corporate strategies, people and constraints. The other good design p rinciples are the specialisation principle, the co-ordination principle, the knowledge and competence principle, the control and commitment principle, and the innovation and adaptation principle (Figure 1). The principles are broad in nature and not always easy to convert into prescriptive guidance. They are more valuable in orienting managers than in resolving particular organisational dilemmas. However, as we worked with the principles, we found ways to convert them into some practical tests. Perhaps the most important contribution of this lies in the insights and understandings that the tests produce. The tests match the fit drivers and the good design principles. (See Figure 2). @ashridge. org. uk The fit tests One almost universally agreed proposition is that organisations need to be fit for purpose. Strategy, 5 DIRECTIONS www. ashridge. com/directions The Ashridge Journal Summer 2002 Ashridge Business School http://www. ashridge. org. uk Nine tests of organisation design therefore, should be a key driver of organisation design, and we have found it useful to distinguish between product-market strategies and corporatelevel strategy. But strategy is not the only driver of organisational design. At least as important are people. Many authorities counsel against designing an organisation around people, preferring to build around the strategy and change the people if necessary. However, people cannot always be changed and new ones with the required attitudes may be hard to find. So designs should take account of the people available to lead and work in them. Finally, organisation design is subject to various constraints, ranging from laws laid down by governments to organisational capabilities or resources that are deeply embedded. The people test: â€Å"Does the design adequately reflect the motivations, strengths and weaknesses of the available people? † The feasibility test: â€Å"Does the design take account of the constraints that may make the proposal unworkable? The fit tests bring out the most important inputs that should guide organisation design choices. Provided the design has been selected with these inputs in mind, there should be no problem in passing the fit tests. However, organisation design choices are not always so rational. All too often, organisations evolve in ways that are not sufficiently related to the strategy of the compan y, or else pay scant attention to the limitations of managers who will fill key positions. In one company, we were told that the structure had always been primarily driven by the balance of All too often, organisations evolve in ways that are not sufficiently related to the strategy of the company, or else pay scant attention to the limitations of managers who will fill key positions. power between the four barons who ran the main divisions, resulting in business unit groupings that had little to do with the opportunities in the markets being served. Under these circumstances, the organisation will be a barrier to successful strategy implementation and will damage competitiveness. The fit tests ensure that organisations that are evidently not fit for purpose will be exposed, and that more suitable alternatives will be adopted. The good design tests The fit drivers lead to four fit tests: While the four drivers of the fit principle are The market advantage test: â€Å"Does the design allocate sufficient management attention to the operating priorities and intended sources of advantage in each product-market area? † recognised by most managers, we believe the good design principles and tests represent more of an advance. They synthesise the vast quantity of academic research and managerial experience about what makes an organisation work well into The parenting advantage test: â€Å"Does the design allocate sufficient attention to the intended 6 DIRECTIONS few basic tests that should guide any organisation designer. The specialisation principle and co-ordination principle both concern the boundaries between sources of added-value and strategic initiatives of the corporate parent? † www. You read "Organisational Design" in category "Papers" ashridge. com/directions The Ashridge Journal Summer 20 02 Ashridge Business School http://www. ashridge. org. uk units. The specialisation principle states that boundaries should exist to encourage the development of specialist skills, whereas the co-ordination principle emphasises that activities that need to be co-ordinated should be located within the boundaries of a single unit. Although these basic principles are clear, there are unfortunately often trade-offs between specialisation and co-ordination. A broadly-based product structure may give economies in purchasing and manufacturing, but be detrimental to the development of specialist products for particular markets. A disaggregated geographical structure with many local units may support the special skills needed for different regions, but prevent effective co-ordination in product development or IT infrastructure. The difficult organisational problems arise when there are trade-offs between different ways of grouping responsibilities. In order to help with these trade-offs, we have developed two tests, which give more precision to the basic principles and make them more practically useful. business unit, with little or no contact with the rest of the company. Alternatively, instead of setting up a separate unit, it may be possible for the corporate parent to ensure that the specialist culture receives sufficient protection by flexing corporate policies and procedures or by giving it certain powers. The test focuses attention on the dangers of suppressing or damaging activities that fall outside the mainstream corporate culture, dangers which are easy to overlook. The difficult links test recognises that many co-ordination benefits can be achieved through spontaneous networking between units, but that others will be more difficult. For example, best practice sharing can often be left to networking between units, whereas the establishment of common technical standards is unlikely without a corporate policy which makes them mandatory. Organisation designers should focus only on the few co-ordination benefits that will be difficult: where networking will not deliver the benefits. For these difficult links, it is necessary to develop appropriate co-ordination mechanisms or interventions to overcome the difficulty, or to The specialist cultures test: â€Å"Do any ‘specialist cultures’, units with cultures that need to be different from sister units and the layers above, have sufficient protection from the influence of the dominant culture? † readjust the design so that the co-ordination lies within the responsibilities of a single unit. This test makes managers assess which co-ordination benefits will be difficult to achieve if left to the network, and to think through whether and how the difficulty can be overcome. The difficult links test: â€Å"Does the organisation design call for any ‘difficult links’, co-ordination benefits that will be hard to achieve on a networking basis, and does it include ‘solutions’ that will ease the difficulty? † Together, the specialist cultures test and difficult links test give managers a powerful means of assessing the trade-offs between the benefits that can be gained from co-ordination and from specialisation. In the 1980s, IBM decided to set up its PC division as a very separate unit, free from the influence of the IBM corporate culture and The specialist cultures test questions whether the required specialist skills will thrive only if the managers concerned are insulated from the influence of other parts of the organisation. For example, sometimes the best way to develop and market a new product is to set it up as a separate policies. This promoted a specialist PC culture that was highly successful in bringing the new product to market rapidly. Using a similar logic, many commentators argued that, when faced with performance problems in the early 1990s, IBM should break up the whole company into separate, 7 DIRECTIONS www. ashridge. com/directions The Ashridge Journal Summer 2002 Ashridge Business School http://www. ashridge. org. uk Nine tests of organisation design independent units. Lou Gerstner, however, believed that the opportunity for IBM lay in providing integrated customer solutions. He therefore kept the company together. But he recognised that co-ordination between separate product divisions was not proving a satisfactory means of offering integrated solutions, due to conflicting divisional priorities and incompatible technologies. He therefore gave authority to IBM Sales and Distribution division and to a new unit, the Global Services division, to concentrate, respectively, on customer solutions and services, using both IBM and competitor products. These divisions have the power to offer a unified approach to customers and have dealt well with the previously difficult links between IBM divisions. At the same time, Gerstner has encouraged new business activities, such as Business Innovation Services, IBM’s e-business initiative, not to be bound by IBM’s traditional policies nd ways of doing things. IBM’s structure now takes account of both the difficult links and the specialist cultures tests. The difficult links and specialist cultures tests help managers to address the organisation design issues faced by companies such as IBM, where there are evident advantages both from specialisation and co-ordination. The tests identify the real trade-offs between co-ordination and specialisation and h elp managers to find ways of gaining the benefits of co-ordination without undermining the development of specialist skills. The knowledge and competence principle is mainly concerned with delegation. It states that responsibilities should be allocated to the person or team best placed to assemble the relevant knowledge and competence at reasonable cost. The practical test that follows from the principle is: This test is based on the premise that the default option should be to decentralise to operating units, only retaining responsibilities at higher levels if there is a knowledge and competence rationale. As we have argued in previous work, hierarchy can only be justified if it adds some value to the functioning of the organisation. 1 Questions about whether and how the hierarchy adds value have helped numerous companies to sharpen their thinking about the design of their headquarters, group and division levels. The redundant hierarchy test is a way of formalising these questions. The control and commitment principle concerns two challenges that arise in any decentralised organisation: how to maintain appropriate control and how to ensure high levels of motivation. Units should feel strong pressures to self-correct if they are failing to deliver, and parent-level managers to whom the units report should be able to identify problems easily and promptly. This leads to a further test: The accountability test: â€Å"Does the design facilitate the creation of a control process for each unit that is appropriate to the unit’s responsibilities, economical to implement, and motivating for the managers in the unit? † The accountability test focuses managers on the pressures that exist for a unit to self-correct. These depend on the relationships the unit has with ts internal and external customers, the performance measures for the unit, and the unit’s reporting relationship. Market-facing business units with arms-length customer relationships and bottomline performance measures are relatively easy to control and motivate. Corporate functions with no external customers, tied internal relationships and The redundant hierarchy test: â⠂¬Å"Are all levels in the hierarchy and all responsibilities retained by higher levels based on a knowledge and 8 DIRECTIONS subjective performance measures present more accountability problems. In a complex structure, it is all too easy to create a design that looks good on paper, but leaves unit managers de-motivated and unclear about their performance objectives, and competence advantage? † www. ashridge. com/directions The Ashridge Journal Summer 2002 Ashridge Business School http://www. ashridge. org. uk parent managers unable to control those who report to them. The accountability test helps managers design units and establish performance measures that produce effective, low-cost controls that are highly motivating. The innovation and adaptation principle states that structures should be designed to innovate and adapt as uncertainties become clarified and environments change. An organisation design that is perfect for today is of little use if it cannot adapt to cope with the conditions of tomorrow. The principle yields our last test. under-attending to product or from underattending to geography? † Often there is no clear The flexibility test: â€Å"Will the design help the development of new strategies and be flexible enough to adapt to future changes? answer to these trade-offs, but making sure that the question is asked helps managers to find a reasonable balance between competing interests. By pointing out the trade-offs and weak points in a The test recognises that some structures allow for evolution and adaptation, whereas others build in rigidity and power bases that resist change. It ensures that the designer considers the changes which may be needed and whether the design will b e flexible enough to make them. chosen design, the tests help managers to be more thoughtful about problems that may occur and future changes that may be needed. The tests also help managers weigh the advantages and disadvantages of different designs and provide a rigorous analytical structure for making design choices. An organisation design that is perfect for today is of little use if it cannot adapt to cope with the conditions of tomorrow. Using the tests The purpose of the tests is to raise issues. Some can be addressed by refining the structure, by designing process solutions, or by appointing different managers. A key benefit from using the tests comes from the ideas for design improvements that they suggest. For example, a common problem is the creation of a layer of management, say a geographic region or a product group, without specifying what responsibilities should be retained by this layer and why. The redundant hierarchy test helps point out this design weakness, alerting managers to the need either to eliminate the layer or to define the responsibilities, skills, management processes and leadership style that is needed to make the layer a positive influence on performance. Some issues raised by the tests point to unavoidable trade-offs: â€Å"do we lose more from The nine tests are the core around which we have built our new approach to organisation design. This article is drawn from Michael Goold and Andrew Campbell’s new book, Designing Effective Organizations (John Wiley Sons, 2002). REFERENCE 1. Goold, Michael; Campbell, Andrew and Alexander, Marcus. (1994). Corporate-level Strategy, John Wiley Sons and Goold, Michael; Pettifer, David and Young, David, â€Å"Redefining the Corporate Centre† , European Management Journal, February 2001. 9 DIRECTIONS www. ashridge. com/directions The Ashridge Journal Summer 2002 Ashridge Business School http://www. ashridge. org. uk How to cite Organisational Design, Papers

Lost Sister Essay Example

Lost Sister Essay There is a specific design of words, images, and metaphors involved in the creation of a poem, and this stands true for Cathy Song’s poem Lost Sister.   Even the title of the work suggests to the reader the importance of family, for the poem is a dedication to heritage in the word ‘sister’ and the idea that the sister is somehow lost (here with the title of the poem the reader does not yet know in what way the sister is lost) the poet Song suggests an idea of Diaspora, but in this instance not necessary a separation from place but a definite separation from home since the sister is lost.   The poem then, at the very beginning tells of family and the poem itself extrapolates the concept of Diaspora of home tied in with family.The poem tells of heritage, of two generations of Chinese women.   This is a common theme in many other Chinese works of literature as in Gish Jen’s work and Amy Tan, and in Song’s case, the theme of family and Diaspora is what wields power in the poem and allows the readers to feel a sense of empathy for the characters.   The characters in Song’s poem are dichotomized between the generation of women who have chosen to leave China in hopes of finding a new life in a different land, and the group of women who choose to stay in China, to maintain their heritage in their native land.   Thus it is clear that the poem exemplifies how these two groups of women, although separated by time, and distance somehow stay true to their heritage and thus they maintain their familial ties with one another through their culture.The poem goes on to mark the difference between lifestyles of these two generations of women who have made different choices:   in China, the women are treated as second class citizens, and they maintain their culture through icons such as being quiet as in the line â€Å"gathered patience† (Song Lost Sister).   In the next generation, and the continuation of Song’s poem, the women break away from this traditional Chinese way of thinking, and their lives are westernized from living in America.   This westernization evolves into the women being treated as equals, as having a voice finally (this is very important in Song’s poem, the concept of a Chinese woman having a voice).   However, tension does arise in the poem between these two generations and the judgments the former more traditional Chinese cultured women make on these westernized women as can be read in Song’s line, â€Å"diluting jade green with the blue of the Pacific† (Song Lost Sister).The poem further dichotomizes as Song tells of the difference between these two generations and how the first generation compromised freedom for their traditional Chinese lifestyle and how the second generation however loses some of their culture because of their lack of exposure to traditional Chinese ways, as Song writes, to walk in shoes the size of teacups, without breaki ng† in respect to the Chinese American woman gaining freedom and she simultaneously states that these women are lost from their familial ties.One main motif of the poem can be found in the element of jade which is referenced many times in Song’s poem, even the peasants named their first daughters Jade (Song Lost Sister) and again, a jade link   (Song Lost Sister) which is in reference to the tie between these two generations.   Thus, both generations are lost to one another and in Song’s poem there seems to be no restitution between the two.   They are both lost from their culture, from their needed experience of finding freedom and stepping out of their ‘teacup’ shoes and walking in the same line as men instead of maintaining their silence.Song’s poem gives the reader a dichotomized view of Chinese women in a generational sense, a culture, and the space in between the two of not only an ocean but the change of thoughts in the exposure o f new western traditions.   The ‘jade link’ between these two women is their strongest bond, despite their differences, the expansion of time between them and the distance of an ocean.BibliographySong, Cathy.   Lost Sister Online.   http://mclibrary.nhmccd.edu/lit/catsong.html

Best Persuasive Essay Topics for All Degrees - Paperell.com

Best Persuasive Essay Topics for All Degrees Best Persuasive Essay Topics for All Degrees Different types of essays have different objectives, speaking about persuasive essays, they teach you to be convincing in your texts and speech. By writing such a paper, you learn a skill of persuasive writing and use it for your studying.The process of writing such paper includes a research when you collect the facts to support your position. The more credible and understandable are your facts, the easier will be to convince readers that you are right.You should also be ready to communicate with people who don’t agree with your position. You can predict all attack and counterarguments from them, It helps you to build a better and a more convincing essay.There are many examples of such papers. When reading them, you learn how to build the appropriate structure, how to convince readers, how to search for facts and present them, and what are the good persuasive essay topics for the middle and high school.To write a good persuasive essay, you need a good topic as it is a big and important step in the process of performing this task – your theme defines what your paper will be about, how will you write its content, what research will be needed. The topic and title are also needed to catch the attention of your readers.How To Choose Topic For Persuasive Essay?First of all, you need a debatable topic because if everybody agrees with your thesis statement, there is no meaning in persuading people. There should be many people that don’t share your position and point of view on the topic, so you need to pick argumentative persuasive essay topics.The title should also represent what you are going to say to others. By writing such papers, you can draw attention to specific social and educational problems and convince people that we should pay more attention to solving them in very short terms.The higher is your degree, the deeper and more complex should be the title. Good persuasive essay topics for college or university give you many possibilities an d directions for a research.You should also pay more attention to interesting persuasive essay topics. If the title is not interesting for you and for your readers, there is no meaning for writing it, but if it is interesting for you but not for your readers, you should find the way to spark their interest.You have to avoid the most common and often used titles. If they are being discussed for decades, many people are tired of them. That is why you should pick more original persuasive essay topics for the school that are not discussed much yet.If it’s hard for you to write such a paper, you are able to pick easy persuasive essay topics. With an easy theme, your chances for success increase. However, if it is still difficult, you should use the help of the persuasive essay writing service  that provides different papers for students.To write such a paper, you need to search for facts, using them to support your position. If there is not much information in different sources, it will be difficult to write this paper well. Make a small research for facts before writing a paper on a specific topic.Recent the Most Interesting Topics for Pursuasive EssaysHere are two lists, for the middle and high school. Titles for the high school are usually deeper and more complex, they usually deal with social and other problems. However, there are no strict rules. Many of middle school topic can be used at the university and vice versa, if it is needed.Persuasive Essay Topics for Middle SchoolIn the middle school, students learn to write such papers. These essays don’t have a big size and they don’t deal with complex problems. However, many students can write complex works and explain their points of view.Should students of the middle school wear uniform when studying?Should college pay students who take parts in sports competitions and don’t win?Should there be special discounts for elder people in all common places?Should students be punished for absence at classes if they know the topic well?Should USA students learn two or more foreign languages to make connections with friends from other states?Should middle school students be allowed to vote?Should all students use notebooks and other devices as the books?Junk food and sugary drinks have to be forbidden in middle schoolPHE grades affect grade point averages of studentsShould music and videos for school parties be censored?Should smoking be allowed in public places?Should the companies that sell GMO products put special marks for warning customers?Should teacher pass the test for checking their skills every years?Should people go to special courses before becoming parents?Web services providers have to ban specific websites if they have dangerous contentIt should be legal to place different advertisement at schoolsIs it dangerous to become a Facebook user from an early age?Should USA accept and use the metric system?Persuasive Essay Topics for High SchoolIn the high scho ol, the size of such works can be bigger. The way of presenting facts, the complexity of problems, and the social influence of them also change. It requires more skills to write such papers well. Here are a few great ideas of persuasive essay topics for school:Should parents pay more attention to their kids when they become teenagers?Should the death penalty be forbidden in all the states?Should it be legal for civilians to wear guns?With the growing usage of smartphones and other devices, it will harm the culture of communication that we knowSpecific drugs should be legalized not only for medical purposes?Should testing on animals be forbidden, even for medical purposes?Should battery farming be considered as illegal?Teachers should be familiar with modern students trendsTeachers should watch students social network profiles to know their habitsShould gay couples be allowed to adopt children?Owning the business has a bad influence on communication with friendsShould drinking alcoho l should be forbidden in all placesShould breastfeeding be considered as a public nudity?Should the current court jury system be changed?Should nudity be allowed in public places?Having a job has a bad influence for studying of high school studentsCollege TopicsWhen you are in college, the scope of this task gets bigger and the complexity increases. Besides, the stakes are getting higher. Receiving a low grade for a college paper has more harmful effect on your success. Thus, for the college paper you have to choose a more focused, complex, and relevant subject, here are a few good controversial persuasive essay topics for college to consider:Cameras placed in federal courtrooms to televise all trialsSelf-proclaimed â€Å"militia should be closely monitored by the FBIAre we supporting the Local Food movement by buying and eating the local food?Should taxes be applied for international adoption?Is e-learning as good and effective as classroom learning?The ban on exploiting the Antar ctic resources â€Å"restricting it to a â€Å"natural reserve devoted to science and peace should be maintainedMedia leaks of the spying on domestic and International communications, including citizens, by intelligence agenciesShould the government cut off all foreign aid to dictatorships?What are the reasons to ban in-virtro transplants?Are the messages sent by magazines marketed for teenagers moral and ethical or wrong?Abolish reliance on SAT and ACT scores in admissionsTattooing of minors, whether accompanied by their legal guardian or with a written consent from the legal guardianTop Persuasive Essay Topics For Bachelor StudentsAs you continue moving forward on your path to obtaining a high-quality education, your academic load gets bigger and harder. There is no need to argue this. Thus, Bachelor level students have to work twice harder than school or college students do and this also applies to writing papers. If you are writing an essay  during your Bachelor degree progr am, you have to approach it seriously as you have no right to make a mistake. Otherwise, you may ruin your academic performance. The topics for papers of this level get even more complicated. Here are some great ideas to look at:Reasons to require fast food restaurants to display calories of the food they sellReasons to prohibit placing distracting billboards on highwaysHow does the current tax system overburdens the middle-class citizens?Why should National Health Insurance Program be required by the law?Why should the United Nations be disbanded?Chronic mental patients live in â€Å"halfway houses† in the communityGetting married in high school should be encouraged for teen momsMain reasons why psychiatrists should testify in court when a defendant enters a non-guilty-by-reason-of-insanity pleaShould all prospective parents be required to take parenting classes?Why should child molesters be put to death?Why is it important to use art and music in prisons to calm prisoners?C onstructing Olympic venues near UNESCO protected sites is deplorableEducated people should be required to volunteer as literacy tutorsTop Master’s Level ThemesFinally, we have reached one of the highest level of education – Master’s degree. What peculiarities does it have? While in the middle school teachers mainly aim to enhance pupils’ writing skills and teach them to research, analyze, and present data in a clear way, when you are a Masters student, your professors pay attention more to what novelty you can bring to your field of science and what knowledge you have gained. Thus, writing a persuasive essay for this level, you have to choose a theme that has scientific novelty and is significant. Besides, it can’t be easy any longer. Here is a list of themes that can be suitable:Helping people makes you happy and selfish people are always unhappySociety should shun prescribed codes of ethicsDoes Sexual desire define human behavior?There is no such thing as good and evilIs God not dead?Does genetics determine human behavior?There is much evil in the world, we should turn to GodSelfishness is an innate human behavior and should be encouragedEthics are the unselfish means humans derive from their parenting instinctsThe truth is universalShould intelligence be a subject for genetic engineering?Does creation of wealth always come from taking advantage of other people’s hard work?Final WordsIt is always hard to write a great essay. Even with a simple topic, there is no guarantee that you will be able to disclose it fully if you are lacking some basic skills or knowledge, which is the main reason why students always struggle with such assignments. Sometimes, it is just not worth taking a risk at school. You have to keep in mind that a poorly written essay can not only bring you a low grade but also spoil your final score, which will directly influence your success in the future. What should you do? Instead of relying on a fa te or luck, you have to ensure that you are going to receive an A+ for the paper you write and the easiest way to do this is to enlist the help of professionals from a trusted argumentative essay help  service. This approach will save you some time and rid of the unnecessary issues and stress, at the same time, giving you a warranty of receiving the desired result!

Time Management Tips and Section Strategy on ACT Science

Time Management Tips and Section Strategy on ACT Science SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Most students struggle with the timing of the ACT Science.I really struggled with it when I was a high school student.With only 52.5 seconds to answer each question or five minutes per passage, you have no time to waste. I improved my ACT science score by five points between my first official test and my second. Did I learn more sciencebetween the first and second test? No, but I did practice certain time management tips and ACT Science strategies specific to the section. In this article, I'll show you the lessons I learned so you can finish the section with time to spare. Time-Saving Tip 1: Do Not Read the Instructions I know you were taught to always read instructions, but do not read them on the day of the test. If you've taken ACT Sciencepractice tests before, you know what's coming, and instructions are a complete waste of time. The instructions will just slow you down. Here are the instructions, read them now and then never again: â€Å"DIRECTIONS: There are several passages in this test. Each passage is followed by several questions. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question and fill in the corresponding oval on your answer document. You may refer to the passages as often as necessary. You are NOT permitted to use a calculator on this test.† Not very helpful, right?The instructions never change; so do not waste your time reading them the day of the test. But I want to read the instructions! Time-SavingTip 2: Which Passage Do You Answer First? Every correct answer is worth the same, so spend your time on the least time costly questions first as this will maximize the number of points you get. To maximize your time and score. Start With the 3 Data Representation and 3 Research Summaries Passages You'll be able to identify these passages by the fact that they both include visuals, such as graphs, charts, or tables as part of or at the end of the passage. For more information on these types of passages, read about thethree types of ACT Science passages. Attack both passages the same way.Start by trying to answer the questions with visuals alone.Skip the ones you can’t answer with the visuals and come back to them after answering all of the other questions in that passage.Read more about this strategy in our other article. Save the Conflicting Viewpoints Passage for the End This passage takes the longest because there are no visuals. Instead, Conflicting Viewpoints passages include two short essays that have differing viewpoints. You have to read the entire passage to answer the questions. If you read the Conflicting Viewpoints Passage first or somewhere in the middle, it'll slow you down on the other passages.The Conflicting Viewpoints Passage requires an entirely different strategy and way of thinking. It'll break you out of your focused mindset of reading graphs, tables, and other visuals. So be sure tosave it for the very end. Try to make sure you have at least five minutes to attempt it.If you only have three minutes or less when you get to this passage, skip reading, jump to the questions and try to go back and skim to answer as best you can.It's better to read the whole passage first but with three minutes or less, you will not have time. Time-SavingTip 3: Know When to Skip Questions Keep track of your timing.You should not spend more than 1.5 minutes on any question. Ideally, you should be spending exactly 52.5 seconds on each question. However, some questions you'll be able to answer faster, so it'll allow you to spend a little more time on harder problems. Use process of elimination.Try to get rid of all the answer choices you know are wrong.Then, pick your favorite answer choice among what is left over.Even if you're not 100% sure, bubble it in, and put a small star next to it so you can go back to it if you have time. Don't spend more than 1.5 minutes lingering on a question.Going off of this point, you should not spend more than seven to eight minutes on any one passage (unless you have leftover time at the very end of the section).If you can’t do any process of elimination (more than likely you will be able to do some), leave it blank, put a mark by it, and come back to it if you have time. Try to avoid wasting a lot of time on a single question. Time-SavingTip 4: Figure Out Where You Are Getting Stuck This problem is person specific, but I'll try to show places where certain kinds of people get stuck. For the Math thinker, you sometimes get stuck in the numbers and lose sight of the main point.Don’t recalculate all the data or get lost in numerical details.Focus on the main ideas of the passage. If you get frustrated obsessing over numbers and then realizing you didn't need them to answer the question, you are getting stuck. Try to refocus your attention by looking at the questions first, figuring out exactly what you need to answer the question, and then going back and looking for only that information. For the English thinker, you might get stuck and overwhelmed by the visuals, numbers, or big science terms.Don’t panic over the numbers.Write your own notes in the margins to help you stay focused.If you need more visual reading practice, read abouthow to read graphs, tables, and data. Also, learnthe best strategy forreading ACT Science passages. For the Science thinker, don’t get stuck in dissecting the experiment or the science terms.Do not overthink the passage content. If you find yourself trying to fully understand the experiment and then realizing you didn't need to (which you shouldn't), you are getting stuck. Focus on the questions asked, read the questions first, and don't read the whole passage unless absolutely necessary to answer the questions (which it shouldn't be for the Data Representation and Research Summaries Passages). For the overachiever/perfectionist, you might get stuck wanting to be 100% sure you have the right answer.You do not have that luxury on this time-crunched test.Don’t linger.Move on. No one wants to end up stuck in the mud Time-SavingTip 5: Bubble inthe Blanks at the End Leave yourself 30 seconds to one minute at the end of the section to bubble in a letter for the ones you could not get to or skipped.DO NOT leave any blanks. There is no penalty for guessing on the ACT, so if you leave blanks, you are giving up free points. Every additional question or two that you answer correctly raises your score one point especially in the 30-36 range.There is no best letter to guess (even if you have heard C is the most used).All letters are used randomly and equally. Time-Saving Tip 6:Keep Your Energy Up The ACT Science section is always the last section of the test. You'll be tired. You'll have already been sitting for over an hour and a half.Your wrist will hurt from writing, and your butt will hurt from sitting. You'll be wondering if you answered that Math problem correctly. You must let go of what happened on the last three sections of the test and power through. You need to stay focused on this time-crunched ACT Science section. Have energy-packed snacks to eat at the break for an energy boost.Practice sitting for at least threefull-length practice tests before you take the actual test. Don't just sit for the 35-minute science section. As I said before, take three full-length practiceACTs, all five sections (including the essay if you'll be taking it) in one sitting. Want to learn more about ACT Science? Check out our new ACT Science prep book. If you liked this lesson, you'll love our book. It includes everything you need to know to ace ACT Science, including deep analysis of the logic behind ACT Science questions, a full breakdown of the different passage and question types, and tons of expert test-taking and study tips. Download our full-length prep book now: Recap Do not read the instructions! Don’t waste your time. Start with the Data Representation and Research Summaries Passages. Save the Conflicting Viewpoints Passage for last. Figure out where you are getting stuck and don’t do it! Skip if you have spent more than 1.5 minutes on it. Use process of elimination, pick your favorite answer to bubble in, mark it to come back to if you have time. Give yourself time to fill in the blanks and the end. Never leave blanks.You are giving up free points! Keep your energy up to get the best score! What’s Next? I hope you feel ready to maximize your time on the ACT Science! Trust yourself, know when to move on, and you will do great!Continue your ACT Science learning byreading aboutthe only actual science you need to know for ACT Science, andthe big secret of ACT Science. Having trouble with time management in other sections? Check out our time-saving strategies for ACT Readingand ACT Math. Like this article? Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Sciencelesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Case Study Assignment Company Analysis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Assignment Company Analysis - Case Study Example They use all the information available or that can be reasonably obtained - consisting of known information and beliefs about the future (inferred information). Being the determinant of stock prices, information is the central issue of the efficient market concept. An efficient market is defined as one in which the prices of securities fully reflect all known information quickly and accurately (Jones 1991). The current price of a stock incorporates or fully reflect all information that investors assimilate in the process of making their buy and sell decisions. According to this concept, it is assumed that all known information -- including past information (such as last years or quarters earnings), current information, and events that have been announced but not yet implemented, such as a stock split -- are fully reflected in the price. Other information that can be reasonably inferred such as a change in interest rates will also be reflected in the prices even before the event occur s. By "quickly and accurately" is meant the speed at which information is received by its users, instantaneously in most cases, particularly with current electronic communications availability enabling brokerage houses, institutional investors and others to obtain any information and process it for quick decisions. For individuals without such easy access, information can reach them a few hours or a day later. It is not quite easy to determine what accuracy in price adjustment means, but the theory simply assumes that an unbiased estimate of the equilibrium price is established after all investors have fully assessed the input of the information (Jones 1991). New information about a companys profitability can affect the price of its stock such that it has a positive excess return, described as that portion in the price not accounted for by the overall market movement. On an average day, the difference between the price and the overall market, the

Managing Organizational Deviance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Managing Organizational Deviance - Assignment Example Ethics in an enterprise include salespeople being honest, just and fair to all. Some individuals may perceive sales ethics as being an oxymoron or rather a contradiction depending on a number of factors including the culture of the people, the product itself, way the product or service is produced and delivered to customers as well as the behavior of the salespersons. The factors listed above are varied across cultures, nations and every action have both benefits and costs, which may render sales ethics an oxymoron. However, sales ethics is not an oxymoron. In most cases, it is the behavior of a salesperson, who connects the company and the customer (consumer) that largely contributes to the debate whether sales ethics is an oxymoron. If a salesperson creates and sustains a relationship that is based on honesty, commitment and trust, then the customer will be a lifelong and sales become ethical. The reason why sales ethics is oxymoron First, nothing is perfect. At times, matters beyo nd the control of the sales persons hamper him or her from delivering their value proposition. For example, if a salesperson promises a customer that the product will be delivered in an hour’s time and it delays, the salesperson will appear a cheat. But the delay may be occasion by traffic jam or breakdown among other genuine reasons. Secondly, the goals of the salesperson may make sales ethics a contradiction. This is true when a salesperson is driven by temptation and greed in the sense that he or she wants to make more commissions at the expense of the value delivered to the customer. For example, if a salesperson is fast-talking and extremely convincing, he or she often sells products to customers that have no value. According to Blocher (2008, 34), most adverts and salespersons do not reveal the complete story of products or services, which the buyer may not like. As a result, the customer purchases products or services that they do not need in the first place and they w ill feel cheated. Thirdly, salespersons may report inaccurate sales. In an enterprise, there are various forms of rewards systems which include salary, promotions, and bonuses. Among the salespeople, these systems are put in place based on their performance. However, it can result in employees being involved in unethical behavior. In order to attain sales targets employees may opt to use unethical practices such as using pressure and recording false sales. Lack of transparency may be costly to a company in the long run. It may spoil the sales, personal credibility and interfere with sales (Thorne 2008, 224). Such unethical behaviors may become persistent leading to other unethical acts, which may drive the company’s sales down significantly (Kidwell and Martin 2005, 44). Fourth, competition drives companies and their salespersons to act against good morals. Duska (2007, 90) attest that the perception that every business is in a competition, and focuses mainly on how to improv e profits may conflict with the existing ethics.  

Crime And The Process Of Solving Crimes Criminology Essay

Crime And The Process Of Solving Crimes Criminology Essay Crime analysis is a systematic process that investigators go through to help solve crimes that are similar to one another by location and specific details about the certain crime committed. Crime analysis helps to solve crimes because if the same person is committing the same crime over and over again, it is easier for law enforcement to recognize where the criminal is going to strike next. There are three different approaches to crime analysis and these are tactical crime analysis, strategic, and administrative. In todays Criminal Justice world, there are thousands of criminal that do the same crime over and over again and do the exact same thing every single time. To help solve these crimes there is an up and coming field in Criminal Justice that helps solve these crimes and it is called Crime Analysis. Crime analysis is the examination and studying of crime patterns in certain locations that will aid in the identifying and prosecution of the suspects. There are three ways to determine crime analysis and they are tactical, strategic, and administrative. Crime analysts are always busy in what they do because they have to keep up with the current trends and patterns of crime to determine when the next crime will occur and stop it from happening. This paper will discuss the process of which crime analysts go through, as well as the three different types of crime analysis, how it will help the future of police departments by predicting when the next crime is about to occur, and this paper will also discuss the jobs in this up and coming field of crime analysis. The process of figuring out numerous crime trends and similarities in a given location can be quite difficult at times. Therefore, there is a series of steps that a crime analyst runs through to try and determine the patterns of the same crime happening every night or every weekend in a close diameter of one another. In the first process, that is when the data is all collected from other sources by gathering the crime details, eyewitness reports, and as well as the police operations. With all of the information, it gets entered into numerous databases so other municipal police organizations can recover the information if the same crime is occurring in their neighborhood as well. In the second process, the analyst sits down and actually recovers all of the information and tries to put crimes together through patterns, trends, and the location of where the crime occurred. In this process the analyst will determine the who, what, when, where, and how, of the crimes being committed so they can conclude specific details to the police officers to keep an eye on certain people and/or locations. With the specific details of certain crimes that could be linked to one another, that is when the information is put on bulletins throughout the different departments. Then after this, the administration is contacted and the police will also inform the public as well. By informing the public of a murderer in the community for example, people will be more alert to certain people who look suspicious and the public can also watch out more when the police officers cannot. The next step in crime analysis is most likely the most important step for police departments and their employees. At this step of the process, the crime analyst has a lot of information about specific re-occurrences of a crime in an area. With that information the crime analyst will brainstorm different ideas to help seize the suspect while the suspect is committing the same crime again through the crime analyst studying. They do this by surveillance of the area, decoys or traps that the criminal will get themselves carried into, or if the department is able to, by putting more police officers in that area to stop the crime from happening again. The last step of this process is to study all of the facts and eyewitness reports to stop that specific crime from occurring in that area ever again. There are three different ways that crime analyst can go about to determine crime trends and similarities in a specific situation. The three are tactical, strategic, and administrative. Crime Analysis supports a number of department functions including patrol deployment, special operations, and tactical units, investigations, planning and research, crime prevention, and administrative services (budgeting and program planning)(Gottlieb, 1994, Pg. #1). When the crime analyst comes across an upcoming trend in a community there are numerous factors to affect the crime from taking place. Some of these factors include, but not limited to, is the overall geographical location of where the crimes are being committed, such as the poverty level of the community, the population, and as well as cultural factors such as religious characteristics. Other geographical factors include the climate of the community, for example during the Winter months of New York, the crime rates may decrease in resul t to the colder weather. In contrast to the warmer months of Summer, the crime rates will increase due to more people on the streets. One of the biggest factors to studying crime analysis is the effective strength of the police department and their employees. If the communitys police administration is not as effective and harsh punishments, the criminals will suppose that they can get away with anything they want to do. Another important factor is how the citizens of the community react to the crimes being committed because if they are concerned with the crime problems occurring, then they will not be a part of the Neighborhood Watch when the police officers are not there 24/7 to monitor the streets. Tactical crime analysis is the most concerned type of crime analysis because it deals with the worst of the worst crimes that is an immediate threat to the public, such as murder, rape, robbery, and burglary. The crime analyst will put together the trends by eyewitness accounts, the weapon used, the suspects physical description, and many other similarities to put into account for determining the suspect of the crimes committed. Then during this type of crime analysis the police officers will be more alert to certain people who resemble the suspects description and the administration will have more police officers in that particular area to stop the crime from occurring again. At the tactical level of crime analysis it also includes identifying suspects and linking the crimes together. In this phase is where the information that was processed in the strategic step is now being used to solve the crimes that have been happening over and over again in one particular area. The tactical a nalysis is most useful towards the investigators and patrol officers so they can keep an open eye out for suspicious activity in a certain area with specific problem that has been happening. At the tactical level of analysis they also use information for outside agencies to aid them in finding the suspects. The use of outside information from other agencies is very useful in crime analysis because if the same crime is happening in another county or state, the crime analyst can link the crimes together by similarities of the who, what, when, where, and how of the crimes committed. The Crime Analysis Unit in the city of Tempe, Arizona said that, Tactical information links offender and modus operandi information from a number of offenses in an attempt to provide investigative leads, help solve crime, and clear cases after apprehension and arrests (Wong, 2009, Pg. #1). Without the tactical analysis the crimes that have been re-occurring in an area would not be able to be solved as quick ly if it were not for this very important step in crime analysis. The next type of crime analysis is the strategic analysis. Strategic crime analysis is the study of crime problems and other police-oriented issues to determine long-term patterns of activity as well as to evaluate police responses and organizational procedures (Boba, 2005. Pg. #15). Strategic analysis main concern is to seek solutions to on-going crime problems in a certain location. They do this by gathering all of the information of trends, suspects, and crime and link them together to make a result of the similarities of the crimes committed. The strategic analyst gathers information together to find unusual crime trends and police reports from all different seasons to see if there are any similarities with the suspects physical description and the crimes committed. They also match the demands for police officers in a certain location. If the crime level is very high they will conduct more officers on foot and also in patrol cars to try and eliminate the problems before they turn into more larger and more dangerous crimes. The strategic analyst will also decrease the number of officers in a certain location if the crime statistics show that there is not many crimes being committed there, they will move some of those officers to where the help is really needed. The last type of studying crime analysis is called administrative crime analysis. The administrative crime analysis main goal is to relate the information that has been made in the previous step and relay that information to the police chief and other administrative level officers, and as well as the community because they need to be informed if there is a serious crime issue in their neighborhood. They like to inform the public about crime patterns because the Neighborhood Watch is the polices best way to collect information such as the physical description of the suspect. The administrative analysis will also inform the local schools around the community to have a look-out of suspicious activities happening around the school. They also need to keep the police officers from each shift informed of the new information gathered day by day so if some information has been changed recently they will be fully up to date with the information of the crime patterns and suspects in that partic ular area. A lot of the administrative analysts job is to put all of the information gathered into databases so not only can their jurisdiction have the information, but all of the surrounding jurisdictions and states as well. They will also make reports of their crime statistics in their community to the Uniform Crime Reports to the Federal Bureau of Investigations every month and every year to make statistics about the Part I and Part II offenses in their community and relate them to other agencies in their state and other states as well. With all of the information gathered at this type of crime analysis, the administrative analysis also goes out to the public and performs speeches and presentations on the crime reports to the police administration, including the Chief, Lieutenants, Captains, and others. They can also make speeches to the citizens of the community and other agencies as well. The reasoning for the speeches and presentations is for the economic sense of the crime analysis agency because that is how they receive grants through governmental funding or from the community funding money to the crime analysis agency. After the crime analyst studies and looks over the information of crime trends in their community, it is time to try and solve the crimes committed and also to try and stop other crimes from happening. A very good way to determine crime trends is by using a Geographic Information System (GIS) to be used in crime mapping. The GIS overlaps other databases around the community to get more information for the crime trends by getting useful information from other community information such as the pawnshops for burglaries. Another positive attribute to the GIS is that anyone with the Internet can see where most of the serious crimes are occurring in a particular community. For example, if a family with small children is looking to move and they find out that there is an inclination of sex offenders or rape in that community, they will know beforehand. An excellent website that shows the different crime trends in a community is www.spotcrime.com. The tactical crime analyst is the form of crime analysis that mostly uses the crime mapping for their information that they have collected. By using crime maps they can discover the crime trends that are not as noticeable that are just collected through crime reports. The crime maps examine a specific location and mark where the crimes have been committed and if there is any similarities between all of the crimes committed. The maps also help the police officers formulate strategies to aid in the detainment of the suspects. One very effective way they also solve crimes through crime mapping is call Problem-Oriented Policing or POP. POP is a police strategy that involved the identification and analysis of specific crime trends and problems that puts the community in disarray. POP and crime analysis go hand-in-hand because POP looks at the repeated incidents in the same community with related similarities with the crimes and that the crimes are harmful to both the police and the commun ity as well. Although POP and crime analysis is not completely the same, the big different between the two is that POP is trying to figure out the problems in the community by solving the crimes more quickly and effectiveness. While crime analyst goes in depth with their information and they look at crime trends as a whole and not as one problem in a community. Although many cases might not have a lot of information for the crime analyst to look over and attempt to solve the case, there is another obstacle to overcome and that is the time in which is takes scientist to study the amounts of evidence that is collected at the crime scene. Some other obstacles that they must overcome is because of the CSI Effect. This effect is because of the CSI drama series that every case has substantial amount of evidence and at the end of the show, there is always someone guilty. This is not the case in real life, the crime analyst has to go through every single piece of evidence thoroughly and this may take days, weeks, months, or even years to get all of the facts correct. Although this may seem like a very easy job to acquire, it is not that easy all of the time. When the crime analyst sends out evidence to be tested for suspects, this process could take a very long time due to the enormous amount of other evidence from thousands of other cases that is needed to be tested for numerous reasons. From the Nebraska State Crime Lab, the Forensic scientist stated that, In 2009, the DNA section worked 251 cases with 347 assignments that included 1,800 pieces of evidence, she said. In February of this year, the lab had six casework DNA analysts, two of whom were in training, and one database analyst(Kindschuh). This example just goes to show that with the large amounts of evidence being sent to crime labs all around the country and the lack of personnel and employees; it will be difficult to solve these crime patterns in a timely fashion. Because of this problem, it may take crime analysis many years to figure out the crime patterns for one particular city, if this city is a very large one. For smaller towns and cities, it may be easier to collect and test evidence because there might not be as much evidence that is needed for testing. So, the job performance of a crime analyst can become very difficult at times for waiting on evidence to come back from the lab to solve crimes. But the best part of being a crime analyst is the after effect of solving crimes that have been tormenting a specific area for a long period of time and being able to put the criminal behind bars for their wrongful acts. Since crime analysis is an up-and-coming field in the Criminal Justice system, there is a lot of schooling and training courses that have to be met before becoming a crime analyst. Not all departments hire crime analyst to do their in-depth process on the trends of crimes in their community, due to the size of their department or jurisdiction. Some jurisdictions are too small to coordinate and run such a wealthy and demanding field of criminal justice; so most of the crime analysis jobs are in major metropolitan areas where the population is large and there is large and there is a large amount of crime occurring to determine different trends to go along with the suspects. Although some of the large agencies that have crime analyst, most of them are not sworn in officers, the majority of them now are sworn in civilians that do not need all of the requirements that a sworn in officer would need. Since almost every agency has their own rules and restrictions to whom they hire, there is a general amount of similarities between them with schooling and the minimum requirements. To become a crime analyst they need at least a four-year degree or Bachelors Degree majoring in Criminal Justice, Statistics, Business, Public Administration, or any other field closely related to these. With all of the schooling requirements set, they will also need to have a Department of Justice Crime Analysis Certificate. Another requirement is at least two years minimum of operational experience in any criminal justice setting. After all of the experience in schooling, the training, the courses, and the completion of the certificate and required hours the crime analyst can start searching for an occupation. Indeed.com reports that the average salary for crime analysis is $57,000. Our research found that crime analyst salaries range from $28,000 to well over $66,000 a year depending on experience, education, location, and related factors (Legal-Criminal-Justice-Schools, Pg. #1). The amount of salary someone earns is all determined on how much schooling and experience someone has who wants to become a crime analyst. Obviously the more schooling and more experience someone has to offer, the better chances of getting a job and the more salary pay they will earn in their department. This paper discussed the up-and-coming field in the Criminal Justice system known as crime analysis. Crime analysis is a very useful strategy in a large metropolitan area to determine trends and similarities in crimes that have been occurring every day, or every week. The crimes that have been committed might have committed at the same time of day or night, with the same weapon, or stolen a specific item from parked cars in a mall parking lot. With just that information the crime analyst can conclude that they need to have more patrol officers at the mall at a certain time of day to determine who has been breaking into the cars and stealing those specific items and why. The use of crime maps is a very distinctive and descriptive way of determining crime trends because instead of just looking at crime reports, it is clearly stated on a map of the community. The crime analysis unit is made up of three different sections and they do their own part in cracking down the individual or indi viduals that have been troubling the neighborhood. The three sections are the tactical unit, the strategic unit, and the administrative unit. In the tactical unit their main goal is to gather up as much information as possible to settle on a time, place, and hopefully a suspect of the re-occurring crimes. The strategic unit is using the information from the tactical unit and putting it into perspective and figuring out where the police officers need to be increased or decreased in numbers in a large community. The administrative unit sends out all of the information to their own department as well as the surrounding agencies and also to the Uniform Crime Reports for the FBI. In conclusion, without the crime analysis unit in large jurisdictions, it would be very difficult to determine the crime trends in a community and prosecute the criminals for their wrongful actions. Reference Page: Ainsworth, Peter F. Offender Profiling and Crime Analysis. Devon: Willan, 2001. Print. Boba, Rachel. Crime Analysis and Crime Mapping. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications, 2005. Print. Boba, Rachel. Guidelines to Implement and Evaluate Crime Analysis and Mapping in Law Enforcement Agencies. October 2000. Community Oriented Policing Services: U.S. Department of Justice. http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/files/RIC/Publications/guidelinesimplementevalcrimeam.pdf Bruce, Christopher W. What is Crime Analysis? Massachusetts Association of Crime Analysis. http://www.macrimeanalysts.com/articles/whatiscrimeanalysis.pdf DAddario, Francis James. Loss Prevention through Crime Analysis. Boston: Butterworths, 1989. Print. Dempsey, Caitlin. GIS Lounge and DM Geographies. 2008. California. http://gislounge.com/crime-mapping-and-analysis/ Flowers, R.B. (1989). Demographics and Criminality: The Characteristics of Crime in America. Greenwood Press: Westport, CT. Goldsmith, Victor. Analyzing Crime Patterns: Frontiers of Practice. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications, 2000. Print. Gottlieb, S., Arenberg, S., and Singh, R. (1994). Crime Analysis: From First Report to Final Arrest. Alpha Publishing: Montclair, CA. Kindschuh, Hilary. Real-life Crime Analysis not like TV, Local Experts Say. Posted April 21, 2010. http://journalstar.com/news/local/article_a71319dc-4cbd-11df-b1bd-001cc4c03286.html Legal Criminal Justice Schools. http://www.legal-criminal-justice-schools.com/ Morris, J. (1986). Crime Analysis Charting. Palmer Enterprises: Orangevale, CA. Peterson, Marilyn B. Applications in Criminal Analysis: a Sourcebook. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1998. Print. Vann, Irvin B., and G. David. Garson. Crime Mapping: New Tools for Law Enforcement. New York: P. Lang, 2003. Print. Wong, Theresa. Crime Analysis Unit. 2009. Tempe, Arizona. http://www.tempe.gov/CAU/about_ca.htm